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  <h1>express</h1>

<h2 id="express">express</h2>
<h3 id="_1">快速上手</h3>
<p>安装<code>npm install --save express</code>
<div class="language-javascript highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">express</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;express&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-2"><a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">app</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">express</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-3"><a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">port</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">;</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-4"><a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a>
</span><span id="__span-0-5"><a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="nx">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">use</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">express</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-6"><a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a>
</span><span id="__span-0-7"><a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="c1">// 待办事项数组</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-8"><a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-9"><a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a>
</span><span id="__span-0-10"><a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="c1">// 获取待办事项列表</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-11"><a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a><span class="nx">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/todos&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">req</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-12"><a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-13"><a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a><span class="p">});</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-14"><a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a>
</span><span id="__span-0-15"><a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a><span class="c1">// 添加待办事项</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-16"><a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a><span class="nx">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/todos&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">req</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-17"><a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">todo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">req</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-18"><a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">todo</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-19"><a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">status</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">201</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">todo</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-20"><a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a><span class="p">});</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-21"><a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a>
</span><span id="__span-0-22"><a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a><span class="c1">// 删除待办事项</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-23"><a id="__codelineno-0-23" name="__codelineno-0-23" href="#__codelineno-0-23"></a><span class="nx">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="ow">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/todos/:id&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">req</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-24"><a id="__codelineno-0-24" name="__codelineno-0-24" href="#__codelineno-0-24"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">findIndex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">t</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">parseInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">req</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">params</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">id</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-25"><a id="__codelineno-0-25" name="__codelineno-0-25" href="#__codelineno-0-25"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">splice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-26"><a id="__codelineno-0-26" name="__codelineno-0-26" href="#__codelineno-0-26"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;Todo deleted successfully&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-27"><a id="__codelineno-0-27" name="__codelineno-0-27" href="#__codelineno-0-27"></a><span class="p">});</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-28"><a id="__codelineno-0-28" name="__codelineno-0-28" href="#__codelineno-0-28"></a>
</span><span id="__span-0-29"><a id="__codelineno-0-29" name="__codelineno-0-29" href="#__codelineno-0-29"></a><span class="nx">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">listen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">port</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-30"><a id="__codelineno-0-30" name="__codelineno-0-30" href="#__codelineno-0-30"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sb">`Server is running at http://localhost:</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nx">port</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-31"><a id="__codelineno-0-31" name="__codelineno-0-31" href="#__codelineno-0-31"></a><span class="p">});</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
运行<code>npm start</code>
检查接口端点
post请求测试<code>curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "{\"id\":\"1\", \"title\": \"Learn Express\", \"description\": \"Learn how to use Express.js to build web applications\"}" http://localhost:5000/todos</code></p>
<p>再次测试GET请求：
<div class="language-json highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="p">[</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-2"><a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-3"><a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-4"><a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Learn Express&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-5"><a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Learn how to use Express.js to build web applications&quot;</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-6"><a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">},</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-7"><a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">    </span>
</span></code></pre></div>
测试<code>delate</code>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>C:<span class="se">\U</span>sers<span class="se">\李</span>恒&gt;curl<span class="w"> </span>-X<span class="w"> </span>DELETE<span class="w"> </span>http://localhost:5000/todos/2
</span><span id="__span-2-2"><a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;message&quot;</span>:<span class="s2">&quot;Todo deleted successfully&quot;</span><span class="o">}</span>
</span></code></pre></div></p>
<p>待办事项数据存储在内存中的todos数组中。这意味着数据不会被永久保存到磁盘或数据库。
每次应用程序重启时，todos数组都会被重置为空数组，所有之前添加的待办事项都会丢失</p>
<h4 id="_2">重构代码</h4>
<p>将待办事项数据存储在内存中的todos.json文件里
<div class="language-javascript highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-3-1"><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">express</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;express&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-2"><a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-3"><a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">app</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">express</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-4"><a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">port</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">5000</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-5"><a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a>
</span><span id="__span-3-6"><a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="nx">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">use</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">express</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-7"><a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a>
</span><span id="__span-3-8"><a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="c1">// 从todos.json文件中读取待办事项数据</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-9"><a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-10"><a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a><span class="nx">fs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">readFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;todos.json&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-11"><a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-12"><a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Error reading todos.json:&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-13"><a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-14"><a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">JSON</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-15"><a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-16"><a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a><span class="p">});</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-17"><a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a>
</span><span id="__span-3-18"><a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="c1">// 获取待办事项列表</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-19"><a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a><span class="nx">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/todos&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">req</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-20"><a id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20" href="#__codelineno-3-20"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-21"><a id="__codelineno-3-21" name="__codelineno-3-21" href="#__codelineno-3-21"></a><span class="p">});</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-22"><a id="__codelineno-3-22" name="__codelineno-3-22" href="#__codelineno-3-22"></a>
</span><span id="__span-3-23"><a id="__codelineno-3-23" name="__codelineno-3-23" href="#__codelineno-3-23"></a><span class="c1">// 添加待办事项</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-24"><a id="__codelineno-3-24" name="__codelineno-3-24" href="#__codelineno-3-24"></a><span class="nx">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/todos&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">req</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-25"><a id="__codelineno-3-25" name="__codelineno-3-25" href="#__codelineno-3-25"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">todo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">req</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-26"><a id="__codelineno-3-26" name="__codelineno-3-26" href="#__codelineno-3-26"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">todo</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-27"><a id="__codelineno-3-27" name="__codelineno-3-27" href="#__codelineno-3-27"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// 将更新后的待办事项数据写入todos.json文件</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-28"><a id="__codelineno-3-28" name="__codelineno-3-28" href="#__codelineno-3-28"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nx">fs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">writeFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;todos.json&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">JSON</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stringify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-29"><a id="__codelineno-3-29" name="__codelineno-3-29" href="#__codelineno-3-29"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-30"><a id="__codelineno-3-30" name="__codelineno-3-30" href="#__codelineno-3-30"></a><span class="w">      </span><span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Error writing todos.json:&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-31"><a id="__codelineno-3-31" name="__codelineno-3-31" href="#__codelineno-3-31"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-32"><a id="__codelineno-3-32" name="__codelineno-3-32" href="#__codelineno-3-32"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">});</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-33"><a id="__codelineno-3-33" name="__codelineno-3-33" href="#__codelineno-3-33"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">status</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">201</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">todo</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-34"><a id="__codelineno-3-34" name="__codelineno-3-34" href="#__codelineno-3-34"></a><span class="p">});</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-35"><a id="__codelineno-3-35" name="__codelineno-3-35" href="#__codelineno-3-35"></a>
</span><span id="__span-3-36"><a id="__codelineno-3-36" name="__codelineno-3-36" href="#__codelineno-3-36"></a><span class="c1">// 删除待办事项</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-37"><a id="__codelineno-3-37" name="__codelineno-3-37" href="#__codelineno-3-37"></a><span class="nx">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="ow">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/todos/:id&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">req</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-38"><a id="__codelineno-3-38" name="__codelineno-3-38" href="#__codelineno-3-38"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">findIndex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">t</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">parseInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">req</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">params</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">id</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-39"><a id="__codelineno-3-39" name="__codelineno-3-39" href="#__codelineno-3-39"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">splice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-40"><a id="__codelineno-3-40" name="__codelineno-3-40" href="#__codelineno-3-40"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// 将更新后的待办事项数据写入todos.json文件</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-41"><a id="__codelineno-3-41" name="__codelineno-3-41" href="#__codelineno-3-41"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nx">fs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">writeFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;todos.json&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">JSON</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stringify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-42"><a id="__codelineno-3-42" name="__codelineno-3-42" href="#__codelineno-3-42"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-43"><a id="__codelineno-3-43" name="__codelineno-3-43" href="#__codelineno-3-43"></a><span class="w">      </span><span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Error writing todos.json:&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-44"><a id="__codelineno-3-44" name="__codelineno-3-44" href="#__codelineno-3-44"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-45"><a id="__codelineno-3-45" name="__codelineno-3-45" href="#__codelineno-3-45"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">});</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-46"><a id="__codelineno-3-46" name="__codelineno-3-46" href="#__codelineno-3-46"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;Todo deleted successfully&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-47"><a id="__codelineno-3-47" name="__codelineno-3-47" href="#__codelineno-3-47"></a><span class="p">});</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-48"><a id="__codelineno-3-48" name="__codelineno-3-48" href="#__codelineno-3-48"></a>
</span><span id="__span-3-49"><a id="__codelineno-3-49" name="__codelineno-3-49" href="#__codelineno-3-49"></a><span class="nx">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">listen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">port</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-50"><a id="__codelineno-3-50" name="__codelineno-3-50" href="#__codelineno-3-50"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sb">`Server is running at http://localhost:</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nx">port</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-51"><a id="__codelineno-3-51" name="__codelineno-3-51" href="#__codelineno-3-51"></a><span class="p">});</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
提前写入json数据,运行检测
<div class="language-json highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-4-1"><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="p">[{</span><span class="nt">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;Learn Express&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;Learn how to use Express.js to build web applications&quot;</span><span class="p">},{</span><span class="nt">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;Build a Todo App&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;Build a simple todo app using Express and a frontend framework&quot;</span><span class="p">},{</span><span class="nt">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;3&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;Learn Express&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nt">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;Learn how to use Express.js to build web applications&quot;</span><span class="p">}]</span>
</span></code></pre></div></p>
<h4 id="_3">书写接口文档</h4>
<p>待办事项API
1. 获取待办事项列表
请求方法：<code>GET</code>
请求路径：<code>/todos</code>
请求参数：<code>无</code>
响应：
状态码：<code>200 OK</code>
响应体：JSON数组，包含所有待办事项的详细信息。
示例响应：
<div class="language-json highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-5-1"><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="p">[</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-2"><a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-3"><a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-4"><a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Learn Express&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-5"><a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Learn how to use Express.js to build web applications&quot;</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-6"><a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">},</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-7"><a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-8"><a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-9"><a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Build a Todo App&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-10"><a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Build a simple todo app using Express and a frontend framework&quot;</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-11"><a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">},</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-12"><a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-13"><a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-14"><a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Learn Express&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-15"><a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Learn how to use Express.js to build web applications&quot;</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-16"><a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-17"><a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a><span class="p">]</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
2. 添加待办事项
请求方法：<code>POST</code>
请求路径：<code>/todos</code>
请求头：<code>Content-Type: application/json</code>
请求体：<code>JSON对象</code>，包含待办事项的详细信息。
示例请求体：
<div class="language-json highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-6-1"><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-2"><a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;New Todo&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-3"><a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;This is a new todo item&quot;</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-4"><a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
响应：
状态码：<code>201 Created</code>
响应体：JSON对象，包含新创建的待办事项的详细信息。
示例响应：
<div class="language-json highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-7-1"><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-2"><a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-3"><a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;New Todo&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-4"><a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;This is a new todo item&quot;</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-5"><a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
3. 删除待办事项
请求方法：<code>DELETE</code>
请求路径：<code>/todos/:id</code>
请求参数：
id：要删除的待办事项的ID。
响应：
状态码：<code>200 OK</code>
响应体：JSON对象，包含删除操作的消息。
示例响应：
<div class="language-json highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-8-1"><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="p">{</span>
</span><span id="__span-8-2"><a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">&quot;message&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Todo deleted successfully&quot;</span>
</span><span id="__span-8-3"><a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</span></code></pre></div></p>
<h2 id="_4">规范</h2>
<p>在构建优秀的Express项目时，采用良好的代码结构和组织方式至关重要
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-9-1"><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a>my-express-app/
</span><span id="__span-9-2"><a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>app.js
</span><span id="__span-9-3"><a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>package.json
</span><span id="__span-9-4"><a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>config/
</span><span id="__span-9-5"><a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>database.js
</span><span id="__span-9-6"><a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>middleware.js
</span><span id="__span-9-7"><a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>routes.js
</span><span id="__span-9-8"><a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>controllers/
</span><span id="__span-9-9"><a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>userController.js
</span><span id="__span-9-10"><a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>todoController.js
</span><span id="__span-9-11"><a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>models/
</span><span id="__span-9-12"><a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>userModel.js
</span><span id="__span-9-13"><a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>todoModel.js
</span><span id="__span-9-14"><a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>routes/
</span><span id="__span-9-15"><a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>userRoutes.js
</span><span id="__span-9-16"><a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>todoRoutes.js
</span><span id="__span-9-17"><a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>services/
</span><span id="__span-9-18"><a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>userService.js
</span><span id="__span-9-19"><a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>todoService.js
</span><span id="__span-9-20"><a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>utils/
</span><span id="__span-9-21"><a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>auth.js
</span><span id="__span-9-22"><a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>logger.js
</span><span id="__span-9-23"><a id="__codelineno-9-23" name="__codelineno-9-23" href="#__codelineno-9-23"></a><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>middleware/
</span><span id="__span-9-24"><a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>authMiddleware.js
</span><span id="__span-9-25"><a id="__codelineno-9-25" name="__codelineno-9-25" href="#__codelineno-9-25"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>errorHandler.js
</span><span id="__span-9-26"><a id="__codelineno-9-26" name="__codelineno-9-26" href="#__codelineno-9-26"></a><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>public/
</span><span id="__span-9-27"><a id="__codelineno-9-27" name="__codelineno-9-27" href="#__codelineno-9-27"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>css/
</span><span id="__span-9-28"><a id="__codelineno-9-28" name="__codelineno-9-28" href="#__codelineno-9-28"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>js/
</span><span id="__span-9-29"><a id="__codelineno-9-29" name="__codelineno-9-29" href="#__codelineno-9-29"></a><span class="p">|</span><span class="w">   </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>images/
</span><span id="__span-9-30"><a id="__codelineno-9-30" name="__codelineno-9-30" href="#__codelineno-9-30"></a><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>views/
</span><span id="__span-9-31"><a id="__codelineno-9-31" name="__codelineno-9-31" href="#__codelineno-9-31"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>index.ejs
</span><span id="__span-9-32"><a id="__codelineno-9-32" name="__codelineno-9-32" href="#__codelineno-9-32"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>user.ejs
</span><span id="__span-9-33"><a id="__codelineno-9-33" name="__codelineno-9-33" href="#__codelineno-9-33"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">|</span>--<span class="w"> </span>todo.ejs
</span></code></pre></div>
以下是对这个结构的简要说明：</p>
<p>app.js：项目的入口文件，用于设置Express应用程序、数据库连接、中间件和路由。</p>
<p>package.json：项目的依赖和元数据文件。</p>
<p>config/：存放项目配置文件的目录，例如数据库连接、中间件和路由配置。</p>
<p>controllers/：存放控制器文件的目录，用于处理HTTP请求并与模型和服务交互。</p>
<p>models/：存放数据模型文件的目录，用于定义数据结构和与数据库交互的方法。</p>
<p>routes/：存放路由文件的目录，用于定义应用程序的路由和端点。</p>
<p>services/：存放服务文件的目录，用于封装与模型交互的业务逻辑。</p>
<p>utils/：存放实用工具文件的目录，例如身份验证、日志记录等。</p>
<p>middleware/：存放自定义中间件文件的目录，用于处理请求和响应。</p>
<p>public/：存放静态资源文件的目录，例如CSS、JavaScript和图像文件。</p>
<p>views/：存放视图模板文件的目录，用于渲染HTML页面。</p>
<h2 id="_5">部署</h2>












                
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